Characterisation of Floating Microplastic in Romanian Coastal Waters, Western Black Sea

Abstract

Microplastic pollution has developed as a significant environmental challenge, particularly in marine ecosystems such as the Black Sea, where its impact over the ecosystem and on the biodiversity is concerning. This study focuses on the visual characterization and distribution of microplastics in the Romanian coastal waters of the western Black Sea, using samples collected in March 2024, from five key locations: Sulina, Sf. Gheorghe, Mamaia, Constanța, and Eforie. A total of 2526 microplastic particles were identified, with an average concentration of 3.07 particles per cubic meter. The microplastics were described based on their morphology, color, and size. Fibers were the most common type, followed by fragments, while the other appeared in smaller quantities. The most predominant color was black, particularly in areas near Mamaia and Sf. Gheorghe. Blue and red particles were also observed, but not as frequent as the black ones. The size distribution analysis showed that 1553 particles were smaller than 1 mm, while 973 exceeded 1 mm, indicating that there is a significant plastic degradation in the marine environment. Spectral analysis indicated that the predominant polymer types were polyethylene and polypropylene. Those are commonly used in packaging, fishing gears and industrial application. This research provides insights into the types, distribution, and possible sources of microplastics in the Black Sea, contributing to strategies for mitigating marine pollution in this region.