Microplastic characterization in Romanian coastal waters, Western Black Sea

Abstract

The pollution carried by the Danube is evident in coastal areas, given that the river mouths at the Black Sea shore can be considered as a significant pollution hotspots. This study focuses on microplastic (MPs) abundance and distribution in the coastal waters of the western Black Sea, with considerations regarding the source of the plastic litter. An important comparison was assessed between the Danube Delta front and adjacent areas of Romanian main harbors. A total of 6 water samples were collected from various locations, revealing an average concentration of 0.63 MPs/m3, with the highest concentration near Sf. Gheorghe (1.37 MPs/m3). Fragments and fibers were the most prevalent forms, with foils, spherules, and fiber clumps present in smaller percentages. Spectral analysis indicated that the predominant MP types were polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene, and polyvinyl, suggesting diverse origins such as packaging materials, textile products, and fishing gear. This research emphasizes the importance of thorough monitoring and a more comprehensive approach to the negative impact at the regional scale.