Shoreline Dynamics of the Danube Delta (2016–2023) Measured Using GNSS-RTK Technology

Abstract

The Danube Delta shoreline has experienced significant changes due to both natural processes and human activities. This study investigates the shoreline dynamics of the Danube Delta from 2016 to 2023, focusing on its central and southern sedimentary cells, which include Sulina, Canalul cu Sondă, Câsla Vădanei, Sfântu Gheorghe, Sahalin North and South, Perișor, Periteasca, Portița North and South, and Periboina sectors. Using GNSS RTK technology, shoreline positions were measured annually during the summer months between 2016 and 2023. The measurements were analysed with QGIS software to calculate shoreline change rates and trends. The results highlight the variability in shoreline dynamics across different sectors. Erosion predominates in several areas, while other sectors exhibit stability or accretion. Key factors influencing these changes include sediment redistribution through waves, currents, and river processes, as well as human interventions such as coastal structures. Vegetation in certain areas may also play a role in mitigating erosion. This study provides an overview of the Danube Delta’s evolving coastline and the factors shaping it.